BLEEDING: WOUNDS

* Control bleeding with direct pressure over the site of the wound.
* Do not attempt to apply a tourmiquet yourself.
* Use several layers of sanitary napkin or clean handkerchief to avoid skin contact with the victim's blood.
* Apply firm,steady direct pressure for 5 to 15 minutes.
* If bleeding is from a foot,hand,or leg (no broken bones),elevate it to help slow the flow of blood.
* If severe bleeding is from a nose,pinch the nostrils with the fingers. Apply pressure 10 minutes without interruption.

HEAD INJURY

* Bleeding from an ear is a sign of a skull fracture.
* Do not attempt to stop bleeding of the ear by direct pressure.
* Call 911 & let a medical professional attend the wound.
* Always suspect a neck injury.Keep the neck & head still.
* Keep the airway open.
* Do not press hard when stopping the bleeding.
* Do not give the victim water,other fluid or drugs.

INTERNAL BLEEDING

* Warming Signs: Coughing or vomiting blood;blood in urine or stool; cold, clammy pale skin; rapid dizziness.
* Do not give the victim water,other fluid or medication.
* Have the victim lie down with feet slightly elevated & relax.
* Keep the victim warm.
* Call 911 immediately.

急救技巧

出血

* 制止出血最好的方法是在傷口上直接施加壓力。
* 最好用一塊消毒紗布。
* 衛生帶壁布或乾淨的手巾也可以。
* 施加堅實穩定的直接壓力五到十五分鐘。
* 如果是手，脚，腿或臂部出血，將肢體抬起使出血部位高過病人的心臟，  以利用重關係使血流變慢。
* 如大量鼻出血，可用手指捏緊鼻孔，不間斷地施加壓力到十分锺左右。

頭部受傷

* 耳內出血是因爲頭骨碎裂。
* 制止可能因頭部骨碎裂而發生的頭皮出血時應特別小心。
* 不可壓得太重，以免把可能有的碎頭骨片壓進腦里去。
* 嚴重頭部受傷可能頸部也受傷，應使頭部和頸部固定不動。
* 召請急救。由醫護人員來清洗縫合傷口。
* 不可給病人水，烟，酒或其他藥物。

內出血

危險的信號：咳出或吐出血液；大小便出血；排泄像黑柏油樣的翼便。

* 使病人躺平鬆弛。
* 未經醫師診斷准許，不可讓病人口服任何藥物或流質。
* 立即召請急救醫護 （911）。